行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：was/were + being + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital.當(dāng)他的父母趕到醫(yī)院的時(shí)候這個(gè)男孩正在做手術(shù)。 The new road was being made.這條新路正在修筑。 ? 7.過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：had + been + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came. 在老師來(lái)之前，教室尚未打掃。 The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema.在門(mén)票被銷(xiāo)售一空前我趕到了電影院。 ? 8.將來(lái)完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：shall/will + have done They will have been married for 20 years by then. 屆時(shí)，他們結(jié)婚將滿(mǎn)20周年。 The project will have been completed before May.該語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)態(tài)體系浩如煙海，里面學(xué)問(wèn)很大，掌握語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)項(xiàng)目將在五月前完成。 ? 9.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 Young trees must be watered often. 小樹(shù)需要經(jīng)常澆水。 Your mistakes should be corrected right now. 你應(yīng)該現(xiàn)在就改正你的錯(cuò)誤。 The door may be locked inside. 這扇門(mén)可以反鎖。 Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 你的家庭作業(yè)可以明天交。 ? 怎么樣，看完了小編給大家準(zhǔn)備的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，有沒(méi)有感覺(jué)收獲頗多呢？喜歡就收藏起來(lái)吧~

事物)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，而把間接賓語(yǔ)改為介詞to?或for引起的狀語(yǔ)(到底用to還是for，與所搭配的動(dòng)詞有關(guān))。比較： He?gave?her?some?money.?他給她一些錢(qián)。 對(duì)應(yīng)： She?was?given?some?money.?/?Some?money?was?given?to?him. He?bought?her?a?watch.?他給她買(mǎi)了一快表。 對(duì)應(yīng) A?watch?was?bought?for?her.?/?She?was?bought?a?watch.? ? (2)?有些雙賓動(dòng)詞(如bring,?do,?make,?pass,?sell,?send,?sing,?write等)通常用直接賓語(yǔ)(指語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，它們?cè)谧優(yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)事物)作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，而將間接賓語(yǔ)用作保留賓語(yǔ)(其前根據(jù)情況用介詞to或for)： Father?made?me?a?doll.? 對(duì)應(yīng)： A?doll?was?made?for?me.? He?wrote?her?a?letter.? 對(duì)應(yīng)： A?letter?was?written?to?her.? ? (3)?有些雙賓動(dòng)詞(如answer,?deny,?envy,?refuse,?save,?spare等)通常用間接賓語(yǔ)(指人)作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，而將直接賓語(yǔ)用作保留賓語(yǔ)： He?answered?me?that?question.?對(duì)應(yīng)： I?was?answered?that?question?by?him.

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的不同時(shí)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)如用be構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常見(jiàn)，尤其是在含有施動(dòng)者的by短語(yǔ)時(shí)，用get構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)更是少見(jiàn)。不過(guò)有時(shí)用be+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成誤解時(shí)，人們可能會(huì)選get+過(guò)去分詞來(lái)避免這種誤解： The window was broken.?窗戶(hù)破了(表狀態(tài))。/?窗戶(hù)被打破了(表動(dòng)作) The window got broken.?窗戶(hù)被打破了(表動(dòng)作) 五、要注意哪些動(dòng)詞不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 1.?不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。因?yàn)椴患拔飫?dòng)詞沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，所以若將其用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)，故不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但是值得注意的是，有些英語(yǔ)中的不及物動(dòng)詞，譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)卻可能是“及物”的，很容易出錯(cuò)，這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞如：take place(發(fā)生)，happen(發(fā)生)，come about(發(fā)生)，break out(爆發(fā))，appear(出現(xiàn))，disappear(消失)，last(持續(xù))，arise(出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生)等： Influenza usually breaks out in winter.?流感通常發(fā)生在冬季。 Use

有些被動(dòng)句不需要或無(wú)法說(shuō)出行為的主體，因此，翻譯時(shí)往往譯成漢語(yǔ)的無(wú)主句。這時(shí)，原句中的主語(yǔ)一般譯成賓語(yǔ)。 [en]Measures have been taken to prevent the epidemic from spreading quickly. [/en][cn]已經(jīng)采取了措施來(lái)防止這種流行病迅速蔓延。[/cn] [en]Water can be shown as containing impurities. [/en][cn]可以證明，水含有雜質(zhì)。[/cn] [en]The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end. [/en][cn]必須全部停止這種討厭的噪聲。 [/cn] 三、譯成漢語(yǔ)判斷句 有些英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句并不突出強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，而著重對(duì)事物的狀態(tài)、過(guò)程和性質(zhì)等加以描述，其作用與系表結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)似。因此，翻譯這種英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句，經(jīng)常采用“是...的”判斷句式。 [en]The decision to attack was not taken lightly. [/en][cn]進(jìn)攻的決定不是輕易作出的。 [/cn] [en]Printing was introduced into Europe from China.[/en] [cn]印刷術(shù)是從中國(guó)傳入歐洲的。 [/cn] [en]The [w]manuscript[/w] was sent to the printer in London a few weeks before the French revolution. [/en][cn]手稿是在法國(guó)革命前幾周寄往倫敦付印的。[/cn] [en]The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872. [/en][cn]美國(guó)的學(xué)分制是1872年在哈佛大學(xué)首先實(shí)施的。 [/cn] 四、譯成漢語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句 有些英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句著重被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，因此，翻譯時(shí)仍然可以翻譯成漢語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)句，以突出英語(yǔ)原文的被動(dòng)意義。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，被 動(dòng)句指的是具有被動(dòng)形式標(biāo)記的句子。雖然英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使用范圍頗廣，但其被動(dòng)標(biāo)記卻很單一，主要是“be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”及其變化形式。另一方面，漢語(yǔ) 被動(dòng)句式使用較少，但其被動(dòng)標(biāo)語(yǔ)言都有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但由于表達(dá)習(xí)慣上的差異，英語(yǔ)往往習(xí)慣用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)表達(dá)，而漢語(yǔ)則和主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)記要繁雜得多。漢語(yǔ)中表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義的語(yǔ)言手段主要包括使用“被、受、遭、讓、給、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、為... 所、由...來(lái)”等等。 滬江小編：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的翻譯四準(zhǔn)則，你都學(xué)會(huì)了嗎？

化為句子主語(yǔ)。 She gave the little girl some flowers．她給了那個(gè)小女孩一些花。 The little girl was given some flowers by her. 2.將直接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（was、were）+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他形式。其表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的被動(dòng)化為句子主語(yǔ)，此時(shí)間接賓語(yǔ)前通常加上介詞to或for（何時(shí)用to，何時(shí)用for，）。 例：They bought the children many good books. 他們給那些孩子買(mǎi)了許多好書(shū)。 →Many good books were bought for the children by them. 例：He lent me a pen.能借給我一支鋼筆?！鶤 pen was lent tome by him. （2）在不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的賓語(yǔ)提到被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主語(yǔ)的位置，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的位置不變。 例：He asked the boy to wash the car.他讓那個(gè)男孩洗車(chē)。 →The boy was asked to wash the car. 例：I saw a policeman enter the classroom. 我看見(jiàn)一名警察進(jìn)了教室。 →A policeman was seen to enter the classroom. （3）不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要加上to。 常接省略to的不定式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有： 一感（feel）、二聽(tīng)（listen to，hear）、三讓?zhuān)╨et，make，have）、四看（watch，see，look at，notice），幫助（help）可帶可不帶。

有的工作現(xiàn)在都做好了。 Have the letters been posted? 信都寄了嗎？ (5) 過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：had been+過(guò)去分詞 He said the work had been finished. 他說(shuō)工作已完成了。 (6) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：am [is, are] being+過(guò)去分詞 My watch is being repaired by him. 我的表正在由他修理。 The plan is now being discussed. 計(jì)劃現(xiàn)在正在討論。 (7) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：was [were] being+過(guò)去分詞 He said that the man was being operated on. 他說(shuō)那個(gè)人正在動(dòng)手術(shù)。 He told me that a new station was being built. 他說(shuō)正在修建一個(gè)新車(chē)站。 (8) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：would be+過(guò)去分詞 He said that the meeting would be held next week. 他說(shuō)會(huì)議將于下周舉于。 ? ★4. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式 若主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中謂語(yǔ)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，在相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中通常應(yīng)保留該情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞”： Everyone must know this. →This must be known by everyone. 請(qǐng)看以下帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)句實(shí)例： This can’t be done in a short time. 這不是短期內(nèi)可以完成的。 Can this be done by machine? 這語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)態(tài)體系浩如煙海，里面學(xué)問(wèn)很大，掌握語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)可以由機(jī)器來(lái)做嗎? The work must be done at once. 這工作必須馬上做了。 ? 怎么樣，看完了小編給大家準(zhǔn)備的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，有沒(méi)有感覺(jué)收獲頗多呢？喜歡就收藏起來(lái)吧~

過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 The said the production costs had been reduced. The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in. The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake. （3）根據(jù)語(yǔ)意可以判斷出動(dòng)作先后的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，用語(yǔ)過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 As the assignment had been done, he went on to search the Internet. He did what he had been told to 另：當(dāng)從句由 after，before，when或 as soon as引導(dǎo)時(shí)，主句和從句都可以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 When he arrived, he called her. They locked the door before they left.

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成 be ?過(guò)去分詞 ?1 ?一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) am / is / are ?過(guò)去分詞 ?2 ?一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)尋的文件已找到了。[/cn] He asked if Mary had been sent to hospital.?[cn]他問(wèn)瑪麗是否已被送進(jìn)醫(yī)院。[/cn] Check carefully, so any mistakes will be caught.?[cn]仔細(xì)檢查一遍，把所有錯(cuò)誤都找出來(lái)。[/cn] He knew he would be punished for it.?[cn]他知道他會(huì)為此受到懲罰。[/cn]

來(lái)了相當(dāng)豐富的與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法相關(guān)的語(yǔ)法，一起來(lái)看看吧！ ? 1. 不及物動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 What will happen in 100 years？一百年里會(huì)發(fā)生什么事？ The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 約65萬(wàn)年前恐龍滅絕。 2. 有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 This pen writes well. 這支鋼筆很好寫(xiě)。 This new book sells well. 這本新書(shū)賣(mài)的很好。 3. 感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞使用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不帶to ，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，須加上to 。 例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. 一個(gè)女孩看到我的錢(qián)夾掉語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)態(tài)體系浩如煙海，里面學(xué)問(wèn)很大，掌握語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)了當(dāng)她經(jīng)過(guò)的時(shí)候。 The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 這個(gè)老板讓這小男孩干重活。 4. 如果是接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，直接賓語(yǔ)(物)作主語(yǔ)，那么動(dòng)詞后要用介詞，這個(gè)介詞是由與其搭配的動(dòng)詞決定。 He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. 他給了我一本書(shū)。 He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him. 他給我展示了一張票。 My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father. 我父親給我買(mǎi)了一輛新自行車(chē)。 5. 一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個(gè)整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。 We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laugh at by us. 我們不能嘲笑他。 He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day. 他每天都收聽(tīng)廣播。 The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.這護(hù)士在照顧這個(gè)虛弱的男人。 ? 怎么樣，看完了小編給大家準(zhǔn)備的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，有沒(méi)有感覺(jué)收獲頗多呢？喜歡就收藏起來(lái)吧~

先來(lái)看一個(gè)例句： The person must be taken care of by his son. [cn]這個(gè)人一定要由他兒子照顧。[/cn] 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加上be動(dòng)詞即可，其句型如下： 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（can，may，must）+be（永遠(yuǎn)是原形）+過(guò)去分詞～. 否定句：主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not +be +過(guò)去分詞～. 疑問(wèn)句：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（Can，May，Must）+主語(yǔ)+be +過(guò)去分詞～？ 注意 [be going to +動(dòng)詞原形]句型變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，我們把be going to看成一個(gè)詞，就如同情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can一樣，因此它的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)