時(shí)態(tài)作為每年高考的必考語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)，在中學(xué)語(yǔ)法教學(xué)中地位很突出，但由于英漢兩種語(yǔ)言的差異，對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)中很多的誤區(qū)需要搞清楚。下面就在學(xué)習(xí)中常遇到的幾個(gè)典型錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)行例析。 典型錯(cuò)誤一: 誤認(rèn)為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)不與for years 等連用。
1.He _____ football regularly for many years when he was young.
A. was playing B. played C. has played D. had played
簡(jiǎn)析：認(rèn)為for three years 該類短語(yǔ)只和完成時(shí)態(tài)搭配。該類題目出錯(cuò)很高，與學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)態(tài)的定式思維及缺乏語(yǔ)境有關(guān)。表示某一動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在過(guò)去，通常是講述過(guò)去的某一經(jīng)歷時(shí)，此時(shí)要用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，不可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。
典型錯(cuò)誤二： 過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)分不清。
1.I got caught in the rain and my suit____.
ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined
簡(jiǎn)析： 要把握住好時(shí)間點(diǎn)。過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)前已發(fā)生或存在，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則是指涉及到目前這一時(shí)間點(diǎn)。做題時(shí)不注意去找時(shí)間點(diǎn)作參照就容易誤選。第1題：淋雨發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但講話者說(shuō)的是現(xiàn)在衣服淋得不成樣子。用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)則表示在淋雨前就不成樣子，顯然不對(duì)。
3.---Has your father returned from Africa yet ?
--- Yes, but he _______here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia . A. was B. has been C. will be D. would be
典型錯(cuò)誤三： 混淆現(xiàn)在（過(guò)去）完成時(shí)態(tài)與現(xiàn)在（過(guò)去）完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法。
1.---I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final .
--- I think so. He _______ for it for months.
preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing
簡(jiǎn)析：通常在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中的動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)動(dòng)詞。但有些動(dòng)詞完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)與完成時(shí)態(tài)有時(shí)區(qū)別并不明顯。
典型錯(cuò)誤四：混淆將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)多種表達(dá)法不同內(nèi)涵。
1.--- Did you tell Julia about the result ?
--- Oh, no , I forgot. I ____ her now.
be calling B. will call C. call D. am to call
簡(jiǎn)析：將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的表達(dá)方式很多，其內(nèi)涵也各不相同。 1. will和be going to 都可以表示表示將來(lái)，但will 不是事先考慮的意圖，可表示臨時(shí)突然決定要去要做某事；而be going to 則是實(shí)現(xiàn)考慮好的。如第1題。
時(shí)態(tài)小測(cè)試：
1. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ________ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.
A. begin B. began
C. have begun D. had begun
2. —I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.
—Oh, how nice! Do you know when she ________?
A. was leaving B. had left
C. has left D. left
3.. I ________ you not to move my dictionary—now I can’t find it.
A. asked B. ask
C. was asking D. had asked

1. when引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，when指20世紀(jì)90年代初，當(dāng)然用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
2.. D. 因?yàn)镴ane已經(jīng)度假去了，“離開(kāi)”此地就當(dāng)然是在此之前的過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間了，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，選D。另外，when通常都不與完成時(shí)連用，排除B和C，A也與語(yǔ)境不符。
3.. A. 由now可知前句的意思是：我曾經(jīng)叫你不要搬動(dòng)我的詞典的 (你偏不聽(tīng))?！敖小笔窃谶^(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。