決定聽(tīng)寫(xiě)難度的關(guān)鍵是體裁，因此考生需要了解歷年聽(tīng)寫(xiě)試題的選材，同時(shí)熟悉各種體裁的框架。聽(tīng)寫(xiě)的選材廣泛而不生僻，涉及記敘、描寫(xiě)和說(shuō)明等文體，難度適中，不會(huì)超過(guò)聽(tīng)力理解部分的難度，詞匯不超綱，不出現(xiàn)太生僻的人名、地名等專(zhuān)有名詞，背景知識(shí)也不會(huì)太復(fù)雜，不超出大部分學(xué)生應(yīng)掌握的常識(shí)。下面從體裁、結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容、詞匯等方面來(lái)分析聽(tīng)寫(xiě)的特征。

1 體裁基本為說(shuō)明文

年份 標(biāo)題 內(nèi)容
2005 The Wrist Watch 手表如何成為常用佩戴物
2006 The Internet 因特網(wǎng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)和弊端
2007 Advertising 廣告在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中的促銷(xiāo)途徑
2008 Choosing a Career 大學(xué)畢業(yè)生如何擇業(yè)
2009 New Year’s Eve 除夕
2010 Freshmen’s Week 新生的一周
2011 British Holidaying Habits 英國(guó)人的度假習(xí)慣
2012 Eco-tourism 生態(tài)旅游

以上是2005~2012年的聽(tīng)寫(xiě)選材。近幾年的聽(tīng)寫(xiě)短文基本選用說(shuō)明文，文章一般為簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)明，少有主觀議論。這幾年的聽(tīng)寫(xiě)材料大多來(lái)自英語(yǔ)原文網(wǎng)站，建議大家平時(shí)多聽(tīng)和閱讀網(wǎng)站上的內(nèi)容。即便沒(méi)有原題，也可以了解英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言和文化，拓寬知識(shí)面。

2 話(huà)題廣泛，但不涉及專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)

聽(tīng)寫(xiě)選材豐富，包括社會(huì)、文化、日常知識(shí)、科普常識(shí)等，所涉及的背景知識(shí)能為學(xué)生所理解，不需要特定的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)。考生尤其需要引起重視的是，近幾年的話(huà)題更加貼近我們的日常生活和文化，包括中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)文化，如2010年的新生的一周（來(lái)自BBC網(wǎng)站）、2009年的除夕。

例題1（2011真題）

British Holidaying Habits

In the late 1970s, air travel became affordable/ for the average family in the UK, /and more?people started travelling abroad for their summer holidays./ After all, the British weather wasn’t
very good, even in summer,/ so a lot of people left the country for a vacation./?In the 1980s and 1990s, young people in the UK became wealthier on average./ As a result,?they started to go abroad in groups,/ to places such as Spain and Greece./ Once they arrived at their?destination/, they met with other groups of young people and had one long party./?British holidaying habits have begun to change, however./ Climate change means that the UK?now has a hotter climate,/ so people do not need to go overseas to fi nd good weather. /Also, going?abroad is more expensive./ As a result, more British people are choosing to spend their summer?holidays in the UK./

最近幾年的聽(tīng)寫(xiě)短文大多和文化相關(guān)。文化影響人們的生活習(xí)慣，一定程度上也會(huì)影響人們的思維方式和語(yǔ)言使用。所以，在外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，同學(xué)們要通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)了解英語(yǔ)文化和中國(guó)文化的異同，通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)文化來(lái)了解英漢語(yǔ)言使用的異同。

3 短文主旨清晰，層次分明

聽(tīng)寫(xiě)短文具有主題突出、條理分明、層次清楚、語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔、邏輯性強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn)。2012年生態(tài)旅游這篇聽(tīng)寫(xiě)材料的第一句話(huà)就是主題句，第二句話(huà)舉例說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在人們的生活方式盡量不會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成破壞，如回收?qǐng)?bào)紙、瓶子，乘坐公交車(chē)上班，購(gòu)買(mǎi)本地產(chǎn)的水果和蔬菜。第三句話(huà)講人們旅游時(shí)也特別注重保護(hù)環(huán)境，因此出現(xiàn)了各式各樣的新式旅游。材料最后部分闡述這些新型旅游的特征。本篇聽(tīng)寫(xiě)材料的語(yǔ)言特征：相同含義的單詞復(fù)現(xiàn)率較高，如tourism,語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔，沒(méi)有特別難的單詞和句式。

例題2（2012真題）

Eco-tourism

Nowadays, many of us try to live in a way/that will damage the environment as little as possible./?We recycle our newspapers and bottles, /we take public transport to get to work, and we try to buy
locally produced fruit and vegetables. /And we want to take these attitudes on holiday with us. /This?is why alternative forms of tourism are becoming popular in the world. /There are lots of names for?these new forms of tourism: /responsible tourism, nature tourism, adventure tourism, educational?tourism, and more. /Although everyone may have a different defi nition, /most people agree that these?new forms of tourism should do the following. /First, they should conserve the wildlife and culture?of the area. /Second, they should benefi t the local people. /Third, they should make a profi t without?destroying natural resources, /and fi nally they should provide an experience that tourists want to pay?for. /

4 語(yǔ)言難度適中

所用詞匯基本不超綱。文章一般不出現(xiàn)較生僻的人名和地名。句子結(jié)構(gòu)不復(fù)雜，基本上以簡(jiǎn)單句和復(fù)合句為主。一篇短文通常會(huì)有兩三個(gè)長(zhǎng)句，但在朗讀時(shí)停頓明顯，比較容易判斷。