as long as 與only if 的用法區(qū)別
as long as 與only if的用法區(qū)別?
一、基本用法的差別1. as long as 有兩個(gè)意思,一是用于本義,意為“與……一樣長(zhǎng)(久)”,在否定句中,也可說(shuō)成 (not) so long as;
二是用于引申義,表示“只要”,用于此義時(shí)也可說(shuō)成 so long as(不管是肯定句、否定句還是疑問句)。如:This river is as long as that one. 這條河與那條河一條長(zhǎng)。He lived abroad as long as five years. 他住在國(guó)外長(zhǎng)達(dá)五年之久。He didn’t stay there as [so] long as she. 他在那兒住得不如她久。As long as it doesn’t rain we can go. 只要不下雨,我們就可以去。只要不下雨,我們就可以去。As [So] long as you need me, I’ll stay. 只要你需要我,我就留下。2. only if 可視為 if 的加強(qiáng)說(shuō)法,即其中的 only 是修飾 if 從句的,其意為“只有在……條件下”。如:I’ll tell you, but only if you don’t tell anyone else. 我可以告訴你,但條件是你不能告訴其他任何人。I’ll accept the bill only if you send it to my home address. 你必須把賬單送到我住的地方,我才愿意償付。。
二、語(yǔ)氣上的差別從語(yǔ)氣上看,only if 的語(yǔ)氣要比as long as 強(qiáng),as long as 通常只是用于提出一個(gè)條件,與if 的意思比較接近;而only if 引出的從句內(nèi)容則通常暗示它是主句內(nèi)容的唯一條件,含有“只有……才……”“只有在……的時(shí)候”“……唯一的條件是……”之意。比較:As long as you do your best, we’ll be happy. 只要你盡力,我們就滿意了。You can borrow the book as long as you keep it clean. 只要你不把書弄臟,這書你就可以借。We can succeed only if everyone in the team pulls his weight. 我們?nèi)?duì)只有人人各盡所能才能取得成功。The coach stops at the principal hotels to pick up tourists, but only if they arrange this in advance. 大客車到各主要的旅館來(lái)接觀光者,但條件是必須事先安排好。
三、動(dòng)詞搭配上的差別在許多情況下,as long as 與 only if 均可用,只是語(yǔ)氣有強(qiáng)弱之分。但是,當(dāng)主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞均為短暫性動(dòng)詞時(shí),通常只用 only if,而不用 as long as。如:。如:你只有請(qǐng)他,他才會(huì)來(lái)。誤:He will come as long as you ask him.正:He will come only if you ask him.析:此句中的 only if 不能用 as long as 代替,因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞 ask 與 come 均短暫性動(dòng)詞。?
四、詞序上的差別兩者均可引導(dǎo)從句置于主句之后,也可置于主句之前。但是,當(dāng)only if 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句置于主句之前時(shí),其后的主句要用倒裝語(yǔ)序,而且 as long as 引導(dǎo)的從句置于主句之前不用倒裝。如:As long as it doesn’t rain we can play. 只要不下雨,我們就能玩。As long as you’re happy, it doesn’t matter what you do. 只要你高興,你做什么都沒關(guān)系。Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room. 只有得到教師的允許,學(xué)生才可以進(jìn)這間屋。Only if the red light comes on is there any danger to employees. 只要紅燈一亮,就表示有危及職工的險(xiǎn)情。
五、注意 only if 與 if only 的差別only if 意為“只要”,可視為 if 的加強(qiáng)說(shuō)法。而 if only 有兩個(gè)意思,一是表示“只要”,此時(shí)通常與陳述語(yǔ)氣連用,與 only if 用法相似;二是表示“但愿”“要是……就好了”,此時(shí)多與虛擬語(yǔ)氣連用。如:I will come only if you promise not to invite Mary. 只要你答應(yīng)不請(qǐng)瑪麗,我就來(lái)。If only it clears up, we’ll go. 只要天晴,我們就去。If only I was rich. 要是我很有錢就好了。If only I hadn’t told him about it. 要是我沒有告訴他這事就好了。It’s a good plan, if only we could carry it out. 那是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的計(jì)劃,但愿我們能實(shí)現(xiàn)它。?
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