萬物簡史:PART III CH 9威力巨大的原子（10）
來源：滬江聽寫酷
2012-02-02 07:03
盡管卡文迪許實(shí)驗(yàn)室名震一時(shí)，但是盧瑟福個(gè)人并未在那兒騰飛。當(dāng)他獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)時(shí)已在曼徹斯特大學(xué)就職。20世紀(jì)初的理論認(rèn)為原子就像塊葡萄干面包，而其中的電子就像是鑲嵌在面包上的葡萄干（石頭我記得高中物理書里說的是棗糕）~~~
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In the beginning Rutherford worked on radio waves, and with some [-1-]—he managed to transmit a [-2-] signal more than a mile, a very reasonable achievement for the time—[---3---] On the whole, however, Rutherford didn't [-4-] at the Cavendish. After three years there, feeling he was going nowhere, he took a post at McGill University in Montreal, [-5-] By the time he received his Nobel Prize (for "investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances," according to the official citation) he had moved on to Manchester University, and it was there, in fact, [---6---]
By the early 20th century it was known that atoms were made of parts—Thomson's discovery of the electron had established that—[---7---] Some physicists thought that atoms might be cube shaped, [---8---] The more general view, however, was that an atom was more like a currant bun or a plum pudding: a dense, solid object that carried a positive charge but that was studded with negatively charged electrons, like the currants in a currant bun.
?《萬物簡史》推出部落節(jié)目版，戳這里訂閱:http://bulo.hujiang.com/menu/6004/
文中需聽寫單詞或詞組用[-No-]表示，句子用[---No---]表示。請邊聽寫邊理解文意，這樣可以提高聽力準(zhǔn)確度，并為訓(xùn)練聽譯打下基礎(chǔ)哦~~~
In the beginning Rutherford worked on radio waves, and with some [-1-]—he managed to transmit a [-2-] signal more than a mile, a very reasonable achievement for the time—[---3---] On the whole, however, Rutherford didn't [-4-] at the Cavendish. After three years there, feeling he was going nowhere, he took a post at McGill University in Montreal, [-5-] By the time he received his Nobel Prize (for "investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances," according to the official citation) he had moved on to Manchester University, and it was there, in fact, [---6---]
By the early 20th century it was known that atoms were made of parts—Thomson's discovery of the electron had established that—[---7---] Some physicists thought that atoms might be cube shaped, [---8---] The more general view, however, was that an atom was more like a currant bun or a plum pudding: a dense, solid object that carried a positive charge but that was studded with negatively charged electrons, like the currants in a currant bun.
distinction
crisp
but gave it up when he was persuaded by a senior colleague that radio had little future.
thrive
and there he began his long and steady rise to greatness.
that he would do his most important work in determining the structure and nature of the atom.
but it wasn't known how many parts there were or how they fit together or what shape they took.
because cubes can be packed together so neatly without any wasted space.
開頭，盧瑟福研究無線電波，取得了一點(diǎn)成績--他成功地把一個(gè)清脆的信號(hào)發(fā)送到了1公里之外，這在當(dāng)時(shí)是一個(gè)相當(dāng)可以的成就--但是，他放棄了，因?yàn)橛幸晃毁Y深同事勸他，無線電沒有多大前途?？偟膩碚f，盧瑟福在卡文迪許實(shí)驗(yàn)室的事業(yè)不算興旺。他在那里待了3年，覺得自己沒有多大作為，便接受了蒙特利爾麥克?吉爾大學(xué)的一個(gè)職位，從此穩(wěn)步走上了通向輝煌的漫長之路。到他獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)（引用官方記錄，他因?qū)υ厮プ兒头派湫晕镔|(zhì)化學(xué)機(jī)理的調(diào)查研究獲此殊榮）的時(shí)候，他已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)到曼徹斯特大學(xué)。其實(shí)是在那里，他將取得最重要的成果，確定原子的結(jié)構(gòu)和性質(zhì)。
到20世紀(jì)初，大家已經(jīng)知道，原子是由幾個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的--湯姆遜發(fā)現(xiàn)電子，就確立了這種見解--但是，大家還不知道的是：到底有多少個(gè)部分；它們是怎樣合在一起的；它們呈什么形狀。有的物理學(xué)家認(rèn)為，原子可能是立方體的，因?yàn)榱⒎襟w可以整齊地疊在一起，不會(huì)浪費(fèi)任何空間。然而，更普遍的看法是，原子更像一塊葡萄干面包，或者像一份葡萄干布丁：一個(gè)密度很大的固體，帶有正電荷，上面布滿了帶負(fù)電荷的電子，就像葡萄干面包上的葡萄干。
