昨天提到的從尿里提純的東西是磷。其發(fā)現(xiàn)之初的提煉價(jià)格很貴，1盎司的價(jià)值折合今日的500美元。一開(kāi)始，這么昂貴的東西只供軍用，直到18世紀(jì)中葉，瑞典化學(xué)家發(fā)明了新的提煉方法后，磷才得以在工業(yè)中大規(guī)模普及。而讓瑞典保持在磷提煉世界領(lǐng)先水平的人卡爾?金勒卻是一個(gè)無(wú)名之輩，他是個(gè)藥劑師，沒(méi)有先進(jìn)的設(shè)施卻先后發(fā)現(xiàn)了八種化學(xué)元素和化合物，可他自己卻沒(méi)得到任何名譽(yù)~~~

?《萬(wàn)物簡(jiǎn)史》推出部落節(jié)目版，戳這里訂閱:http://bulo.hujiang.com/menu/6004/



書本的朗讀語(yǔ)音很charming的磁性英音~~~大家可以好好學(xué)著模仿哦~~~??！
因?yàn)樵鵀槊绹?guó)人所寫,單詞采用美式拼法,不抄全文，也不用寫序號(hào)。答完一空換行繼續(xù)下一空作答。文中需聽(tīng)寫單詞或詞組用[-No-]表示，句子用[---No---]表示。請(qǐng)邊聽(tīng)寫邊理解文意，根據(jù)下面的TIPS訓(xùn)練聽(tīng)寫。這樣可以提高聽(tīng)力準(zhǔn)確度，并為訓(xùn)練聽(tīng)譯打下基礎(chǔ)哦~~~

TIPS聽(tīng)寫訓(xùn)練點(diǎn)：?jiǎn)卧~拼寫，時(shí)態(tài)，單復(fù)數(shù)，連讀，長(zhǎng)難句（請(qǐng)邊聽(tīng)邊用符號(hào)先記下內(nèi)容，然后自己回頭組織語(yǔ)句，最后校對(duì)，不要逐字逐句聽(tīng)寫）



Hints:
Sweden



The commercial potential for the stuff—which soon became known as phosphorus, from Greek and Latin [-1-] meaning "light bearing"—[---2---]. An ounce of phosphorus retailed for six guineas—perhaps 500 dollars in today's money—or more than gold.

At first, soldiers were called on to provide the raw material, but such an arrangement was hardly conducive to [-3-] production. In the 1750s a Swedish chemist named Karl (or Carl) Scheele devised a way to manufacture phosphorus [-4-] without the slop or smell of urine. [---5---]

Scheele was both an extraordinary and extraordinarily luckless fellow. A poor pharmacist [-6-], he discovered eight elements—chlorine, fluorine, manganese, barium, molybdenum, tungsten, nitrogen, and oxygen—and got credit for none of them. [---7---] He also discovered many useful compounds, among them ammonia, glycerin, and tannic acid, and was the first to see the commercial potential of chlorine as a bleach—[-8-]



roots was not lost on eager businesspeople, but the difficulties of manufacture made it too costly to exploit industrial scale in bulk It was largely because of this mastery of phosphorus that Sweden became, and remains, a leading producer of matches. with little in the way of advanced apparatus In every case, his finds were either overlooked or made it into publication after someone else had made the same discovery independently. all breakthroughs that made other people extremely wealthy.
它很快被稱之為磷，這個(gè)名字源自希臘文和拉丁文，意思是"會(huì)發(fā)光的"。有眼光的實(shí)業(yè)界人士看到了這種物質(zhì)的潛在商業(yè)價(jià)值，但生產(chǎn)的難度很大，成本太高，不好開(kāi)發(fā)。一盎司(約28.35克)磷的零售價(jià)高達(dá)6幾尼--很可能相當(dāng)于今天的300英鎊--換句話說(shuō)，比黃金還要貴。 起先，人們號(hào)召士兵們提供原料，但這樣的做法對(duì)工業(yè)規(guī)模的生產(chǎn)幾乎無(wú)濟(jì)于事。18世紀(jì)50年代，一位名叫卡爾?金勒的瑞典化學(xué)家發(fā)明了一種方法，不用又臟又臭的尿就能大量生產(chǎn)磷。很大程度上就是因?yàn)檎莆樟诉@種生產(chǎn)磷的方法，瑞典才成為--而且現(xiàn)在還是--火柴的一個(gè)主要生產(chǎn)國(guó)。 　　金勒既是個(gè)非同尋常的，又是個(gè)極其倒霉的人。他是個(gè)地位低下的藥劑師，幾乎在沒(méi)有先進(jìn)儀器的情況下發(fā)現(xiàn)了8種元素--氯、氟、錳、鋇、鉬、鎢、氮和氧--但什么功勞也沒(méi)有得到。每一次，他的發(fā)現(xiàn)要么不受人注意，要么在別人獨(dú)立做出同樣的發(fā)現(xiàn)以后才加以發(fā)表。他還發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多有用的化合物，其中有氨、甘油和單寧酸；他還認(rèn)為氯可以用做漂白劑--具有潛在商業(yè)價(jià)值的第一人--這些重大的成就都使別人發(fā)了大財(cái)。