被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是由“助動詞be+動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動詞be隨著主語的人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)等的不同而變化。除了be之外的其它系動詞如get，stay等也可以和過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。

一、英語被動時態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是什么

被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是由“助動詞be+動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動詞be隨著主語的人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)等的不同而變化。幾種常見時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)如下：

1.一般現(xiàn)在時：am/is/are+過去分詞

例如：Rice is planted in the south of China.

2.一般過去時was/were+過去分詞

例如：These trees were planted the year before last.

3.一般將來時will/shall+be+過去分詞

例如：A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.

4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/are+being+過去分詞

例如：Your radio is being repaired now.

5.過去進(jìn)行時was/were+being+過去分詞

When he got there，the problem was being discussed.

6.現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+been+過去分詞

His work has been finished.

Has his work ben finished? Yes，it hasNo，it hasn’t.

7.過去完成時：had+been+過去分詞

They had got everything ready before I came.

二、被動語態(tài)的特殊情況

1. 有些動詞在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中，后面接不帶to的不定式，但如果改為被動，則需把省略的to加上，這類動詞有 [let, make, have,help]和感官動詞[feel,see,hear,watch,look at,listen to]，如：The boss made my grandfather work 10hours a day.改成My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day.

2. 含有賓語從句的主動結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?，通常用it作為被動結(jié)構(gòu)的先行主語，從句放在句子后面/也可采用另一種形式，這類動詞有：know, say, believe, find, think, report等

3.不是所有的主動句都可以變換成被動句，更不是所有的被動句都可以自由變換成主動句。雖然語法原則上允許主動和被動句的互相轉(zhuǎn)換，但有的句子轉(zhuǎn)換后會變成不通順或不地道的英語句子。因此，在某些題目里，這也成為判斷應(yīng)該用主動還是用被動的依據(jù)。

4.有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。多是把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。這樣句子自然些。直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時，間接賓語要變?yōu)槟硞€介詞的賓語，介詞to可以省略。如His father left him this house.改為This house was left (to) him by his father.

5.有些動詞雖為及物，但賓語并非是動作承受者，不能轉(zhuǎn)換，這些動詞有have, hold(容納),suit, fit, lack, become(適合)contain, cost, last, mean, suffice(足夠)等。

三、被動語態(tài)的注意事項

1.不及物動詞無被動語態(tài)。

The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.

2.有些動詞用主動形式表示被動意義。這些動詞主語以物居多，謂語動詞一般表示主語的性質(zhì)和特征。這類動詞有許多，如: write, break, sell等。

This pen writes well.

This new book sells well.

3.感官動詞或使役動詞使用省略to的動詞不定式，主動語態(tài)中不帶to ，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，須加上to。 感官動詞有smell,sound,taste,fell等。使役動詞有l(wèi)et,make,have,help,hear,see,watch,notice,look,listen.

make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something

see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something

A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.

4.如果是接雙賓語的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，直接賓語(物)作主語，那么動詞后要用介詞，這個介詞是由與其搭配的動詞決定。

He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.

He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.

5.一些動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)時，動詞短語應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。

We can't laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.

He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.

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