英語基礎(chǔ)知識中被動語態(tài)特點和用法
學(xué)習(xí)英語要從基礎(chǔ)開始入門,在學(xué)習(xí)的過程中掌握學(xué)習(xí)方法可以有效提高學(xué)習(xí)效率。下面,滬江小編給大家整理了英語基礎(chǔ)入門需要掌握的被動語態(tài)的特點和用法,大家可以作為學(xué)習(xí)的參考。
一、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式
1. 被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化
被動語態(tài)通常為十種時態(tài)的被動形式, 被動語態(tài)由be+過去分詞構(gòu)成,be隨時態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例,各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為:
1) am/is/are +done (過去分詞) 一般現(xiàn)在時
例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
2) has /have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時
例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.
3) am/is /are being done 現(xiàn)在進行時
例A new cinema is being built here.
4) was/were done 一般過去時
例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
5) had been done 過去完成時
例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
6) was/were being done 過去進行時
例A meeting was being held when I was there.
7) shall/will be done 一般將來時
例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
8) should/would be done 過去將來時
例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
9) shall/will have been done 將來完成時(少用)
例The project will have been completed before July.
2. 被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式
1)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為:情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞。
例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2) 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語,在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時,可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。
例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
3) 當(dāng)“動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語,其余不動。
例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
4)在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補語時,在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略,但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時,要加to。
例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
5) 有些相當(dāng)于及物動詞的動詞詞組,如“動詞+介詞”,“動詞+副詞”等,也可以用于被動結(jié)構(gòu),但要把它們看作一個整體,不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。
例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
3. 非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)
v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動語態(tài)(一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)) 。
例I don't like being laughed at in the public.
學(xué)習(xí)英語的方法有很多,只要掌握了適合自己的方法,英語學(xué)習(xí)并沒有想象中的難。在這里,小編給大家推薦滬江英語網(wǎng),這是一個專業(yè)的英語學(xué)習(xí)平臺,滬江網(wǎng)上面有很多針對英語基礎(chǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的方法和資訊,對大家學(xué)習(xí)英語能起到很大的幫助。
- 相關(guān)熱點:
- 零基礎(chǔ)學(xué)英語
- 考研成績查詢2014